The American Automobile Industry in World War Two
An American Auto Industry Heritage Tribute by David D Jackson

 Overview      Lansing Michigan in World War Two   The U.S. Auto Industry at the Normandy Invasion, June 6, 1944    The U.S. Auto Industry and the B-29 Bomber   U.S. Auto Industry Army-Navy "E" Award Winners   The Complete listing of All Army-Navy "E" Award Winners   Sherman Tanks of the American Auto Industry   Tank Destroyers of the American Auto Industry    M26 Pershing Tanks of the American Auto Industry   M36 Tank Destroyers of the American Auto Industry   Serial Numbers for WWII Tanks built by the American Auto Industry   Surviving LCVP Landing Craft    WWII Landing Craft Hull Numbers   Airborne Extra-Light Jeep Photos  The American Auto Industry vs. the German V-1 in WWII   American Auto Industry-Built Anti-Aircraft Guns in WWII   VT Proximity Manufacturers of WWII   World War One Era Motor Vehicles   National Museum of Military Vehicles   Revisions   Links

 Automobile and Body Manufacturers:  American Bantam Car Company   Briggs Manufacturing Company   Checker Car Company   Chrysler Corporation   Crosley Corporation   Ford Motor Car Company   General Motors Corporation   Graham-Paige Motors Corporation   Hudson Motor Car Company   Murray Corporation of America   Nash-Kelvinator   Packard Motor Car Company      Studebaker    Willys-Overland Motors

General Motors Divisions:  AC Spark Plug   Aeroproducts   Allison   Brown-Lipe-Chapin   Buick   Cadillac   Chevrolet   Cleveland Diesel   Delco Appliance   Delco Products   Delco Radio   Delco-Remy   Detroit Diesel   Detroit Transmission   Electro-Motive   Fisher Body   Frigidaire   GM Proving Grounds   GM of Canada   GMC   GMI   Guide Lamp   Harrison Radiator   Hyatt Bearings   Inland   Moraine Products   New Departure   Oldsmobile   Packard Electric   Pontiac   Saginaw Malleable Iron   Saginaw Steering Gear   Southern California Division   Rochester Products   Ternstedt Manufacturing Division   United Motors Service   Vauxhall Motors

 Indiana Companies:  Bailey Products Corporation   Chrysler Kokomo Plant   Continental Steel Corporation  Converto Manufacturing    Cummins Engine Company   Diamond Chain and Manufacturing Company   Delta Electric Company   Durham Manufacturing Company   Farnsworth Television and Radio Corporation   General Electric Kokomo Plant   Haynes Stellite Company   Hercules Body Company   Horton Manufacturing Company   Howe Fire Apparatus   International Machine Tool Company   J.D. Adams Company   Kokomo Spring Company   Magnavox   Muncie Gear Works   Pierce Governor Company   Portland Forge and Foundry   Reliance Manufacturing Company-Kokomo Plant   Reliance Manufacturing Company-Washington Plant   Republic Aviation Corporation - Indiana Division   Ross Gear and Tool Company   S.F. Bowser & Co.   Sherrill Research Corporation   Tokheim Oil Tank and Pump Company   Warner Gear   Wayne Pump Company   Wayne Works

Commercial Truck and Fire Apparatus Manufacturers:  American LaFrance   Autocar   Biederman Motors Corporation   Brockway Motor Company   Detroit General   Diamond T   Duplex Truck Company   Federal Motor Truck   Four Wheel Drive Auto Company(FWD)   International Harvester   John Bean   Mack Truck   Marmon-Herrington Company   Michigan Power Shovel Company   Oshkosh Motor Truck Corporation   Pacific Car and Foundry   "Quick-Way" Truck Shovel Company  Reo Motor Car Company  Seagrave Fire Apparatus   Sterling Motor Truck Company    Ward LaFrance Truck Corporation   White Motor Company

Aviation Companies:  Abrams Instrument Corporation    Frankfort Sailplane Company   Hughes Aircraft Company   Kellett Aviation Corporation   Laister-Kauffman Aircraft Corporation   Naval Aircraft Factory   P-V Engineering Forum, Inc.    Rudolf Wurlitzer Company-DeKalb Division  Schweizer Aircraft Corporation   Sikorsky Division of United Aircraft Corporation   St. Louis Aircraft Corporation   Timm Aircraft Corporation

Other World War Two Manufacturers:  Air King Products   Allis-Chalmers   American Car and Foundry   American Locomotive   American Stove Company   Annapolis Yacht Yard   Andover Motors Company   B.F. Goodrich   Baker War Industries   Baldwin Locomotive Works   Blood Brothers Machine Company   Boyertown Auto Body Works   Briggs & Stratton   Burke Electric Company   Caterpillar   Cheney Bigelow Wire Works   Centrifugal Fusing   Chris-Craft   Clark Equipment Company   Cleaver-Brooks Company   Cleveland Tractor Company   Continental Motors   Cushman Motor Works   Crocker-Wheeler   Dail Steel Products   Detroit Wax Paper Company   Detrola   Engineering & Research Corporation   Farrand Optical Company   Federal Telephone and Radio Corp.   Firestone Tire and Rubber Company   Fruehauf Trailer Company   Fuller Manufacturing   Galvin Manufacturing   Gemmer Manufacturing Company   General Railway Signal Company   Gerstenslager Company   Gibson Guitar   Gibson Refrigerator Company   Goodyear   Hall-Scott   Hanson Clutch and Machinery Company   Harley-Davidson   Harris-Seybold-Potter   Herreshoff Manufacturing Company   Higgins Industries    Highway Traile    Hill Diesel Company   Holland Hitch Company   Homelite Company   Horace E. Dodge Boat and Plane Corporation   Huffman Manufacturing   Indian Motorcycle   Ingersoll Steel and Disk   Iron Fireman Manufacturing Company   John Deere   Johnson Automatics Manufacturing Company   Kimberly-Clark   Kohler Company   Kold-Hold Company   Landers, Frary & Clark  Lima Locomotive Works   Lundberg Screw Products   MacKenzie Muffler Company   Massey-Harris   Matthews Company   McCord Radiator & Mfg. Company   Metal Mouldings Corporation   Miller Printing Machinery Company   Morse Instrument Company   Motor Products Corporation   Motor Wheel Corporation   National Cash Resgister Company   Novo Engine Company   O'Keefe & Merritt Company   Olofsson Tool and Die Company   Oneida Ltd   Otis Elevator   Owens Yacht   Pressed Steel Car Company   Pressed Steel Tank Company   Queen City Manufacturing Company   R.G. LeTourneau   Richardson Boat Company   R.L. Drake Company   St. Clair Rubber Company   Samson United Corporation   Shakespeare Company   Sight Feed Generator Company   Simplex Manufacturing Company   Steel Products Engineering Company   St. Louis Car Company   Twin Disc Company   Victor Adding Machine Company   Vilter Manufacturing Company   Wells-Gardner   W.L. Maxson Corporation   W.W. Boes Company   Westfield Manufacturing Company   York-Hoover Body Company   York-Shipley, Inc.   Youngstown Steel Door Company  
   

 Herreshoff Manufacturing Company in World War Two
 Bristol, RI
1863-1945

This page updated 1-25-2020.

An American Auto Industry in World War Two Special Edition

This is the story of one small boat manufacturer in Bristol, RI.  It could be the story of dozens of companies that produced small wooden and steel ships for the war effort.  Herreshoff produced seven different types of small boats for the war effort.  At the end of the war, it had built 100 of them.  Adding these 100 to the small number of boats built at each shipyard along the ocean coasts and Great Lakes added up to the huge number required to fight a war that relied on shipping of men and material across the vast oceans of the world.

Herreshoff went out of business on January 8, 1945, when it completed Army Rescue Boat P-661.  It was the last of many boats and yachts the company built since 1863.  The company had been struggling at the end of the 1930s and was about to close when orders started to flow in for the war effort.  The 100 ships that Herreshoff built from 1941-1945 kept the company on life support until the contracts ceased at the end of 1944.  Management realized that the company would be unable to start building yachts nor other civilian vessels until the war was over.  Even if it could have started back into building yachts, there was limited labor and material available.  Therefore, management announced to the employees on November 28, 1944 that the company was ceasing operations.  The 100 ships of Herreshoff did keep 2,000 workers employed for four years of the war.

This should have been the end of the story, and the company name and its accomplishments of 82 years lost forever.  But in 1971, a museum was started in Bristol, RI by the grandson of the original Herreshoff brothers when HMco boat number 248, built in 1905, was donated by its owner for a museum.  Today that boat, the "Thania," is on display among an excellent collection of other Herreshoff-built boats at the Herreshoff Marine Museum at 1 Burnside Street in Bristol, RI.  The company had many of its buildings on Burnside Street when it was in business.  Also, the museum has a complete history of the Herreshoff family and the many great boats and yachts it made.  For once, an American company's important history was not lost to the ages.  I highly recommend this museum to anyone with an interest in boating or the history of a company that made first-class yachts. 


The company was originally started 1863 when J.B. Herreshoff and Dexter Stone formed a partnership to build boats.  In this 1866 photo Charles Herreshoff, the father of J.B is on the left.  He assisted his sons in their interest in building boats.  Next from the left is J.B. Herreshoff and then Dexter Stone.  To the far right is James Herreshoff.  For the next fifteen years J.B. built boats while his younger brother Nat went to the engineering school at MIT.  In his spare timem Nat designed boats and sent the designs to J.B. to build.  After graduating from MIT, Nat went to work for a company making steam engines in order to understand the power plant for boats of the era.  In 1878 the two brothers formerly got together and formed the Herreshoff Manufacturing Company.  Nat would go on to design five America's Cup winners which the company built.  The company became known for its fast boats.

This website is divided into five sections.  Part One has photos of the Herreshoff complex at the time of World War Two and a diorama of the Burnside Street complex that is on display at the Herreshoff Marine Museum.  Part Two details the company's contribution to the winning of World War Two.  Part Three has photos of the company's records showing the 100 ships it built during the war.  Part Four is the booklet the company published and distributed to its 2,000 employees to document the company's accomplishments during the war.  Part Five has photos of several of the pristine boats from the collection the museum has on display.

Part One:


This photo shows the boat houses, and the several manufacturing plants and warehouses on Burnside Street.  The south yard of the Herreshoff complex is in the upper right of the photo.  This photo is looking to the south. 


This photo is looking northeast and shows the boathouse and the buildings on Burnside Street.  The Herreshoff Marine Museum is located in the wooded area on Burnside Street.  It was a park at the time of the photo.  The original south boathouse was destroyed in a hurricane in 1937.  This November 1944 photo shows the new south boathouse and what the complex looked like just before it closed in January 1945.  There are two 63-foot Army rescue boats docked at the pier.


This is the current view of where the two boathouses were located.  Author's photo.


This is the south yard.  This is all gone also.  Today there are houses where boats used to be built. 


This is called the Burnside building which was used as a warehouse by the Herreshoff Manufacturing Company.  It is the only company-operated building that is still in existence.  The museum has a fund-raising campaign in progress to restore the building.  Author's photo.


This is a display of the Herreshoff Burnside Street complex as it was in 1914.  Each building is numbered as to what its function was.  Author's photo.


This is the east end of the complex.  Building 16 was the paint shop.  Number 17 was the foundry.  Building 14 was the boiler assembly plant for the steam engines that were installed in many of the boats. Buildings 12 and 13 contained the machine shop.  Building 9 was the new storehouse that was built in 1917.  Author's photo. 


Building 8 was the east construction shop for final assembly of medium sized boats.  Building 21 is the Herreshoff Homestead which still exists and is owned by the museum.  The park is the location of the museum.  Author's photo.


This shows the north and south boat house.  Building 19 is central steam plant.  Author's photo.


Author's photo.


Building wooden boats included more than just cutting wood.  The Herreshoff Manufacturing Company in 1914 manufactured all of the components that went into making a boat.  It was what was later called a vertically integrated company.   Author's photo.

Part Two:  Herreshoff Manufacturing Company World War Two Production Statistics-  (2) 130-foot YMS boats, (28) 71-foot Vosper PT boats, (4) 97-foot AMcs, (22) 103-foot APcs, (8) 85-foot Army Rescue boats, (36) 63-foot Army/Navy Rescue boats


 This poster, detailing the type ships built by Herreshoff during World War Two, is located in a window of the museum.  It lists the names of the 2,000 workers that built the 100 ships.  I have never before seen a company that publicly listed all its World War Two employees.  Author's photo.


The Haffenreffer Family owned Herreshoff during World War Two.  Author's photo.


Author's photo.


AMc-50 is shown on sea trials.  This was the first ship that the Herreshoff Manufacturing Company built for the war effort. Construction started on it on December 20, 1940. It was delivered on June 2,1941.  It cost $152,000 to build and was named the "Marboot."  There were three more AMc 97-foot minesweepers built by Herreshoff.  Each of them had a name.  These were the only four ships of the 100 that the company built that were named.


The company then built two YMS 136-foot minesweepers.  YMS-19 was the second one and was completed on May 9, 1942.  YMS-19 was one of thirteen YMS class minesweepers to be sunk by a mine during World War Two.  It went down on September 24,1944 in the area of the Palau Islands in the Pacific Ocean.  Minesweeping was hazardous duty. 


Herreshoff-built APc-86 undergoing sea trials on May 5,1943.  Twenty-two were built between October 1942 and July 1943.  They were 103-feet long and of all wooden construction.  The APc class boats were a used by the Navy as coastal transports.  Herreshoff built APc-1 to APc-10 and APc-85 to Apc-96.  They were powered by Superior 400hp diesel engines.  The cost of APc-1 to APc-10 was $145,000.  The cost of the second series of APc-85 to Apc-96 went up a little bit.  They cost $145,950.


 APc construction was moved to the outside to Walker's Cove which is a quarter of a mile south of where the museum is today.  There are three APcs under construction in this August 19, 1942 photo.  They are APc-3,4 and 5.  The first order that Herreshoff received from the U.S. Navy was for the APc was in June 1942.


Herreshoff built twenty-eight 71-foot Vosper PT boats during the war.  This was done under two different orders, the first of which the boats were given British Motor Torpedo Boat numbers.  BPT-29 to BPT-36 were delivered between March 18, 1943 to July 9, 1943.  Each one cost $87,000.  The second group of 20 were given U.S. Navy PT boat numbers PT-430 to PT-449 and were delivered between February 28, 1944 to May 26, 1944.  These cost $103,299 each.  Above is PT-434 getting fitted out at the Herreshoff yards and was delivered on March 12, 1944.  PT-435 can be seen behind PT-434 with another unidentified PT next to in and behind it.  The 71-foot Vospers were powered by three Packard 4M2500 engines.


P-563 during sea trials.  The Herreshoff boat houses can be seen in the background.  Herreshoff delivered eight 85-foot rescue boats between July 5 and September 1, 1944.  These were delivered to the U.S. Army as P-560 to P-567.  The 85-foot boats were powered by two Packard 4M2500 1,500 hp gasoline engines.  The cost of each boat was $97,780.


This engineering drawing gives two views of the 85-foot rescue boat.  Note that the two Packard 4M2500 engines face forward and the power is directed to the rear via a transfer case.  Drawing added 1-25-2020.


Four 63-foot rescue boats are being built on an outside production line at the Herreshoff South Yard.  A crane is installing a Hall-Scott 630 hp V-12 "Defender" gasoline engine.  Each 63-rescue boat was powered by two of the engines.  Herreshoff delivered 36 of the 63-foot rescue boats between August 1, 1944 and January 8, 1945.  This was a delivery rate of more than one a week.  


Here is an engineering drawing showing the outline of the 63-foot Aircraft Rescue Boat.  Drawing added 1-25-2020.


This shows the top view of the 63-foot rescue boat.  Drawing added 1-25-2020.


This 63-foot rescue boat is undergoing sea trials off the coast of Rhode Island before delivery to the Army.  U.S. Army can be read on the side of the bridge of the boat.  It appears to be number 639 which was completed on September 21, 1944.  The cost of each boat was $41,750.


The last Herreshoff ship ever built!  This is P-661, a 63-foot Army rescue boat.  There is a trailer pulled up in front of the bow of the boat for the launching ceremony of the last boat built by a company that started building small watercraft in Bristol in 1863.  By the time of this photo, most of the 2,000 wartime employees had already been let go.  The only employees remaining were those needed to finish the last rescue boats and shut down the facility.  This must have been a bittersweet moment for those involved in the launching of this boat. 

Part Three:  Below are the Herreshoff Manufacturing Company's records from the World War Two era.  In visiting the Herreshoff Marine Museum in June 2019, I was pleasantly surprised to find that the Museum had these records, and that I was able to photograph them.  What a treasure trove of information the documents below provide!  In most cases, even the cost of the ships is included.  This is the first time I have ever come across a company's hand written records of the products it built to win World War Two.  The records have also provided information on the Hall-Scott company, verifying that its 620hp "Defender" engines were used in Army 63-foot rescue boats.


This page shows the company completed its first 97-foot AMc minesweeper on June 2, 1941.  Note that the boats were built by group.  This allowed the company and workers to cut and fabricate the wood for only one type of boat at a time, speeding up production and keeping costs low.


Note the increase in cost from APc-10 to APc-85 of $900 per unit.


The entry for P-626 shows that 63-foot Army rescue boats were powered by two Hall-Scott 630hp engines is evidence of their use in this type boat.  Information on applications of the Hall-Scott engines is sparse.  This entry is important for those researching Hall-Scott during World War Two.


Handwritten notes along the left edge of this page show that some 63-foot rescue boats went to the Navy and the Coast Guard.


The end of the line for the Herreshoff Manufacturing Company. 

Part Four:  100 Fighting Ships built during World War Two by Herreshoff-  In 1944 it was announced that Herreshoff would close with the end of its war contracts.  The company printed 2,000 copies of the booklet below and gave them to the employees to show what they had accomplished during the war.  Of the 2,000 that were printed, only one is still known to exist, and is in the library at the Roger Williams University in Bristol, RI.  It is not allowed out of the library for inter-library loan, like other World War Two company histories, because it is so rare.  I therefore visited the library in person in June 2019.  The library staff was most helpful in allowing me to read and photograph this rare, and maybe one-of-a-kind document.


Part Five:  The Herreshoff Marine Museum-  I am still amazed that such a museum exists for a company that has been gone for so long.  But I think it attests to the importance Herreshoff had to the community in providing jobs, and the quality of the boats and ships they made.  One does not need to be a boating or sailing enthusiast to recognize the quality and workmanship of the products the company built during its existence.  I recommend a stop at the Herreshoff Marine Museum for anyone traveling in the area. 


The Herreshoff Marine Museum.  The building is very functional and the space inside is well utilized for historical displays and ships.  The entrance is under the blue awning and is where the displays on the history of the company are located.  Behind the overhead door are the examples of the boats and ships the company built.  Author's photo.


This photo was taken in front of the overhead door.  There are examples from the small skiffs to yachts in this portion of the museum.  Herreshoff built all sizes of watercraft during its existence.  All the boats in this section are of wooden construction.  The company went out of business before the coming of fiberglass.  Author's photo.


There is an overhead balcony for visitors to look down on the boats.  I will focus on one boat for this section, the yacht along the wall named "Thania."  Author's photo.


Author's photo.


The "Thania" was built in 1905 and was a movie prop for the "Great Gatsby."  It was donated in 1971, which prompted the establishment of the Herreshoff Marine Museum.  The craftsmanship of the all-wooden vessel is superb.  Very cool!!!  Author's photo.


Author's photo.


Author's photo.


Author's photo.


Author's photo.

 

 

 

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